Invasive trees and PSHB

This country has a massive problem with invasive trees in our rivers and catchment areas that take over the area, overpowering the natural ecosystem, blocking water flow and guzzling water like an alcoholic during happy hour. We have a dedicated environmental team – “Working for Water” – that deal with it continuously. From what I’ve read, they work in mostly rural areas. Within Joburg, City Parks has a team dedicated to dealing with invasive plants. After meeting with them, I discovered that they are woefully underfunded, and largely rely on WfW to assist when they need to clear a specific area. 

We have another tree problem too: PSHB (Polyphagous Shothole Borer). This little bug is starting to cause a fair amount of havoc with trees around the country – some areas worse than others. While there is evidence of attack on indigenous trees, it seems to prefer exotics, particularly those that many cities and towns have lining their streets. This is causing potential headaches for local municipalities, some of which are proactively dealing with it, others who are dismissing it as a non-problem, probably because they don’t have the ability, capacity or budget to deal with it (my unsubstantiated opinion).

How are the two problems linked, you ask?

As with any invasive species, once it’s here, there’s no getting rid of it entirely. It becomes an exercise in control and management. The scientists at FABI who are monitoring and researching PSHB recommend that infested reproductive host trees are cut down and disposed of correctly to help slow the spread. Interestingly, a few of the exotic reproductive host trees that have been identified so far happen to be listed invasive plant species. Specifically: Honey Locust (Cat. 1b), Black Wattle (Cat. 2), Australian Blackwood (Cat. 2). Castor bean (Cat. 2) and Box Elder (Cat. 3).

Just looking at my* little area of river, 4 of these 5 are present and well established. I’ve recently found a Box Elder riddled with PSHB on the river right outside our complex fence line.

City Parks only barely maintains a handful of our rivers in Joburg, and their Invasives teams is not capable of doing anything. They’re highly unlikely to get into the river to clear out infested trees. But WfW is going strong. I see an opportunity that would kill two birds with one stone here… Imagine if municipality would team up with government? Imagine if WfW would dedicate a task-force team to tackling these specific 5 trees in urban areas that have been identified by City Parks or other organisations as PSHB hotspots?

It’s a win-win: spread of PSHB reduced, local rivers cleared of some invasive trees.

I am clearly biased, but I think this is a brilliant idea. If you know people who know people who might also think this is a good idea and could make it happen, do please let me know.

*”my” river = I live on the bank of the Sandspruit in northern Johannesburg. I have affectionately claimed the bit of it that I have access to from my house as mine. Obviously it’s not really mine, but I love it and attempt to look after it as if it were.

That time I discovered another invasive plant

There’s this flowering plant that pops up on the river bank in summer in front of my neighbour’s house which I haven’t really gotten around to identifying. I suspected it might be somewhat invasive but because I haven’t seen it all over and I’ve been too busy planting things I haven’t taken the time to find out what it is.

I noticed a few more of the plants when we went on our walk the other day, and I took a few pics and posted them online to get help with an ID.

Turns out they are called “four o-clock” (or Mirabilis jalapa) and are a NEMBA category 1b invasive.

I could kick myself for not looking them up sooner – I could have cut the ones near my neighbour back before they went to seed and started spreading. Oh well. More work for next summer I guess.

I already know it’s gonna be a mission to control them – they grow from tubers and the few I have tried to uproot already were a mission to get out the ground. Where I did a hack/bad job they grew back – and quickly.

I reckon my neighbour will be bleak if (when!) I start removing them too, as they probably think the plant is pretty.

I wonder what would be a good indigenous replacement? Any ideas?

Bugweed

Growing up my father was both an honorary Forester and part of a team from the Roodepoort Hiking Club involved with building new hiking trails. As kids we were often taken along for the inevitable bundu-bashing that’s involved in such endeavours.

On one such trip in the Uitsoek Sappi Forests in the Mpumalanga Lowveld we were taught about bugweed (it LOVES invading forestry plantations) and told that this was one plant we could happily hack away at and cut down whenever and wherever we saw it. I never forgot that lesson and consequently I can spot a bugweed seedling from 5 paces away.

Birds love its fruit, and it consequently it spreads like wildfire — it’s unfortunately everywhere in Joburg, including of course, “my” river. *

Luckily it’s fairly easy to remove or kill and if it’s in your garden or on your pavement, I encourage you to do so. Before I get into how to do that though, here’s some info to help you identify it:

Identifying bugweed

Bugweed is a large shrub or small tree that can grow up to 4m high. It has broad dull green leaves that are velvety above and white-felty beneath, which emit a strong and somewhat unpleasant smell when cut. Young stems are green and also sport the white-felty covering. It has small purple flowers that appear in clusters at the tips of stalks all year round, particularly if it has good access to water (I’ve noticed that the plants really struggle in our dry highveld winters, and rarely flower then). The flowers turn into tight bunches of berries which start off green and turn yellow when ripe, which birds like loeries, bulbuls and mousebirds simply love.

Young plants are often found growing underneath other trees or along fence lines and next to walls due to them sprouting from the droppings of birds that have been eating them.

Polyphagous shot hole borer

Well, will you look at that. It’s been 2 years since I last blogged. Time flies when you’re focused on other things in life. Anyway…

Hopefully you have heard about the the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) which has found its way to the tree-lined streets and gardens of Johannesburg, posing a very genuine threat to our “man-made forest”.

I’m not going to repeat the information that already exists on many sites and forums online for you here though. I am however going to compile and maintain a list of links and info that I personally find relevant*. I was starting to do this anyway in order to learn more and to have all the info I need in one place to reference, and then I figured I may as well do it online in a place where you can use it too, should you so wish. And what better spot than my (almost defunct) blog?! (Also, hopefully it adds one more link to the Googleverse which one more person might see thereby raising that one little bit more awareness.)

So without further ado…

3 primary (official?) resources:

PSHB.co.za

Web: http://polyphagous-shot-hole-borer.co.za/
Follow them on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram

Johannesburg Urban Forest Alliance (JUFA)

Web: http://www.jufa.org.za/pshb.html
Follow them on Facebook and Twitter (Info about PSHB comes up pretty often on their twitter account, but if you are into trees, forests and urban nature in general, I recommend following them.)

Forestry & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)

Web: https://www.fabinet.up.ac.za/index.php/research/7
FABI does have social media channels, but PSHB info on their Twitter feed is mostly retweets of info from Fungal biologist Wilhelm de Beer and their Facebook presence is a group that appears to be more company focused. Personally, I’d rather just follow the man who very clearly knows a lot:  Mr de Beer.

Other sites of interest:

Social media-related info:

People to follow:

PSBH  (@ShotHoleBorer)
The team from PSHB.co.za, facilitated by Hilton Fryer

TreeWorks  (@TreeWorks_JHB)
Jhb tree care specialist company, owned by Julian Ortlepp

Wilhelm de Beer  (@zwdebeer)
Fungal biologist, Professor at FABI

Useful hashtags:
#PSHB, #PolyphagousShotHoleBorer, #shotholeborer


List of affected trees:

The most comprehensive list of affected trees is currently on the FABI website.
However for a newbie tree-learner like me, I still need to figure out what tree it is, never mind if it’s infected. For that I need a handy list of links for the actual trees. I shall focus on the primary ones (reproductive hosts) as listed on PSHB.co.za

Indigenous:

Exotic:

  • Trident (Chinese) maple (Acer buergerianum)
  • Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
  • Pink flame tree (Brachychiton discolor)
  • American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
  • Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
  • Avocado (Persea americana)
  • London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia)
  • Pin oak (Quercus palustris)
  • English Oak (Quercus robur)
  • White willow (Salix alba)

Exotic and invasive:


Where and how to report it:


* PLEASE NOTE: 
This is primarily a personal reference space. If anything is incorrect, please let me know and I will fix it or remove it immediately. I do not claim to be the expert in this issue at all, nor should this blog/reference be seen as an official or fully comprehensive source. While I aim to have up-to-date information and will add and remove to this page continuously as I learn more, I cannot vouch for its accuracy. I'm not affiliated with any organisations or initiatives either.
Always contact the scientists and arborists who know best.

New aliens!

snakegrass&periwinkle

New NEMBA (National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act) regulations have just been passed with regards to Invasive Alien Species in SA. For a proudly South African, pro-indigenous, biodiversity-aware person like me, this news borders on being described as exciting (seriously!)

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My Monday Morning

How was your Monday morning? Mine was rather unique! I spent just over 2 hours walking up and down the K60 (otherwise known as Van Der Bijl Ave) in Sunninghill cutting off the flowerheads from all the Pompom weed I could find. And I loved it!

Now, if you have read or know anything about dealing with Pompom weed, you’d know that it’s not really best practise to cut it back as it actually stimulates further growth of the plant. (See this article). So why was I out there with my secateurs? Let’s step back a bit to tell the full story…Read More »

Invasive plants: Pompom weed

pompom_weed

I recently wrote an article for Joburg Green Map which is the first in a series tackling invasive plants, of which there are so very many in Joburg. Literally every time I drive anywhere in Joburg I spot at least one of the Class 1 invader plants (and I don’t know all of them!!). And they’re not just in empty stands of land – they’re in people’s gardens and on their pavements!

If you have a garden or spend any time in nature, I urge you to learn about invasives and play your part in helping to control their spread!

Read the article >